ABSTRACT
Introduction: Trauma is a chief cause of pain and suffering. Alarge number of studies have shown that pain relief provided topatients in the ED is grossly inadequate. Diclofenac, tramadoland ketorolac are the most commonly used intramuscularanalgesics and hence selected for this comparative study.The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic duration,efficacy and side effect profile of diclofenac, tramadol andketorolac administered intramuscularly in patients whopresented to the ED with acute trauma pain.Material and methods: In a prospective double-blinded study,90 patients presenting to the ED with musculoskeletal traumawere randomly selected and divided into 3 groups - GroupA received 1 ml (50mg) Diclofenac; Group B received 1ml(30mg) Ketorolac; Group C received 1ml (50mg) Tramadol.The efficacy of the drug was measured by observing: painscore, onset & duration of action, rescue drug use, and thepatient’s global impression of efficacy of drugs. Collecteddata was analysed using ANOVA.Results: The time taken to administer the first dose of rescueanalgesic was significantly (P <0.05) delayed in the Group B(276mins). Overall, mean scores were significantly better with(Group B) and were not significantly different between other(Group T) and (Group A).Conclusion: Ketorolac was a better analgesic compared todiclofenac and tramadol in managing acute trauma pain.
ABSTRACT
Background: Occupational stress is becoming a universal concern. It is no longer taken as a private problem that should be managed alone. Since it affects all categories of workers, it is currently considered an issue that needs to be tackled by the employer, industry and nation as a whole in order to not face a compromise in manpower and occupational productivity. Methods: The present study was a cross sectional, community based descriptive study. A total of 248 KSRTC employees of Dakshina Kannada district were included as part of the study. A Pre structured and pre tested and validated questionnaire for socio-demographic details, the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) questionnaire and the AIS (The American Institute of Stress) Workplace Stress Survey questionnaire were used for data collection. Results: Majority of the employees were male and in the age range of 23-59 years. Using the Indian Diabetes Risk score, screening was done for diabetes and 19 cases were identified among the population. 55 cases of Hypertension were also identified and were referred to higher centers and started on treatment for the same. Almost all the study have stress of varying levels subjects had irregular eating habits, lack of exercise and lack of sleep. All the workers were found to have stress, with a majority of them using alcohol and tobacco as a means of coping with stress. Conclusions: Very few studies have been conducted to assess stress levels in organized sectors in India and Karnataka. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the stress levels and associated health disorders amongst the KSRTC workers of Dakshina Kannada district and to suggest suitable measures to improve occupational health, if necessary.
ABSTRACT
The awake craniotomy is a procedure where the craniotomy and excision of the lesion is done in awake patient without general anaesthesia. This surgical technique enable surgeons to avoid damaging normal cerebral regions and allow real-time patient feedback while operating on important functional areas of brain like motor cortex and speech areas (motor, somatosensory, and language areas). Such surgical interventions would not be possible without anesthesia. This technique was originally introduced for the surgical treatment of epilepsy and has subsequently been used in patients undergoing surgical management of supratentorial tumours, deep brain stimulation and near critical brain regions. This surgical approach aims to maximize lesion resection while sparing important areas of the brain.